Base sequence characteristic of small round-structured

ABSTRACT

A cDNA sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS:1 to 4 or a derivative thereof, which binds to a genogroup I small round-structured virus genome, or a fragment of a cDNA sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS:1 to 4 or a derivative thereof, which is large enough to bind to a genogroup I small round-structured virus genome.

[0001] Small round structured viruses (SRSVs) are generally known as causative agents of viral food poisoning. The present invention relates to base sequences of SRSVs useful in clinical tests, hygienic tests, food tests and food poisoning tests.

[0002] Small round-structured viruses belong to the human Caliciviridae, which is divided into three genetic groups, genogroup I (GI), genogroup II (GII) and genogroup III (GIII). In general, GI and GII viruses are called SRSVs, while GIII viruses are called human caliciviruses (in a narrow sense).

[0003] Viruses are responsible for an estimated 20% of food poisoning cases reported in Japan. SRSVs are detected in over 80% of viral food poisoning cases. The leading infection source is food, and raw oysters are often problematic. Detection of SRSVs from infants and young children with (sporadic) acute gastroenteritis indicates transmissibility from human to human. Therefore, tests for SRSVs are an important issue in view of public hygiene and quality control of food.

[0004] To date, detection of SRSVs has been based on electron microscopy. However, this technique requires at least 10⁶ virus particles/ml to be present for successful detection and is limited to fecal specimens from patients. Besides, it is useful only for virus detection, but not for virus identification. The recent success in production of human calicivirus virus-like particles has triggered research for ELISA using them for detection of human calicivirus-specific antibodies in serum. However, it is no more sensitive than electron microscopy. Thus, conventional techniques are operationally complicated and time-consuming and can not achieve quick detection of traces of SRSVs in specimens.

[0005] Under the circumstances described above, the present inventors have proposed oligonucleotides that bind to intramolecularly free regions in the genomic RNAs of GI and GII SRSVs at relatively low and constant temperatures (35-50° C., preferably 41° C.) and oligonucleotide primers and oligonucleotide probes for amplification-based detection of SRSV RNA. Further, the present inventors have proposed a method of detecting GI and GII SRSVs using isothermal RNA amplification (Japanese Patent Application JP2000-182326, Japanese Patent Application JP2000-359482 and Japanese Patent Application JP2001-020231). However, GI and GII SRSVs are further divided into various subtypes. Furthermore, the variety of base sequences are rich between strains both for GI and GII SRSVs. Base sequences of many strains are needed to evaluate the above-mentioned detection techniques and develop new techniques for detecting GI or GII SRSV with high coverage, but base sequences that have been known to date is limited.

[0006] To solve this problem, the present inventors have identified the base sequences of regions containing the regions amplified for detection of four GI SRSVs and ten GII SRSVs by the above-mentioned method by trial and error PCR using oligonucleotides. Namely, the present invention provides base sequences characteristic of small round-structured viruses. In order to attain the above-mentioned object, the present invention defined in claim 1 of the present application provides a cDNA sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS;1 to 4 or a derivative thereof, which binds to a GI SRSV genome, or a fragment of a cDNA sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS:1 to 4 or a derivative thereof, which is large enough to bind to a genogroup, small round-structured virus genome. The present invention defined in claim 2 of the present application provides a cDNA sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS:5 to 14 or a derivative thereof, which binds to a GII SRSV genome, or a fragment of a cDNA sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS:5 to 14 or a derivative thereof, which is large enough to bind to a genogroup II small round-structured virus genome. Now, the present invention will be described in detail.

[0007] An oligonucleotide selected based on the base sequences of the present invention may be used in any gene amplification methods without any particular restrictions, including DNA amplification methods such as PCR and RNA amplification methods such as NASBA and 3SR.

[0008] The base sequence of the above-mentioned oligonucleotide is not particularly limited. Screening for such gene sequences is exemplified in Japanese Patent Application JP2000-182326, Japanese Patent Application JP2000-359482 and Japanese Patent Application JP2001-020231, which disclose screening for oligonucleotide sequences hybridizable specifically to intramolecularly free regions in a target RNA.

[0009] There is no particular restriction on how to use the oligonucleotide thus obtained for gene amplification. It may be used, for example, as a scissor probe for RNA cleavage, an oligonucleotide primer for nucleic acid amplification, or as a probe after partial modification or attachment of a detectable label. Its use for isothermal RNA amplification is described specifically in Japanese Patent Application JP2000-182326 and Japanese Patent Application JP2000-359482.

[0010] Now, the present invention will be described in further detail by referring to Examples. However, the present invention is by no means restricted to these specific Examples.

EXAMPLE 1 Base Sequencing

[0011] RNAs were extracted from four fecal specimens from four GI SRSV-infected patients and ten fecal specimens from ten GII SRSV-infected patients by an ordinary method. For the GI SRSVs, to select the base sequences of SEQ ID NOS:1 and 2, PCR amplification using an oligonucleotide of SEQ ID NO:15 and an oligonucleotide of SEQ ID NO:16 was followed by sequencing of the resulting DNAs. To select the base sequences of the base sequences of SEQ ID NOS:1 and 2, PCR amplification using an oligonucleotide of SEQ ID NO:17 and an oligonucleotide of SEQ ID NO:18 was followed by sequencing of the resulting DNAs.

[0012] For the GII SRSVs, to select the base sequences of SEQ ID NOS:5 to 10, PCR amplification using an oligonucleotide of SEQ ID NO:19 and an oligonucleotide of SEQ ID NO:20 was followed by sequencing of the resulting DNAs. To select the base sequences of SEQ ID NOS:11 to 14, PCR amplification using an oligonucleotide of SEO ID NO:21 and an oligonucleotide of SEQ ID NO:19 was followed by sequencing of the resulting DNAs.

[0013] As explained above, the base sequences of the present invention make it possible to develop oligonucleotides hybridizable to RNAs of genes of various GI SRSV strains and GII SRSV strains, which are useful for amplification and detection of SRSV genes.

[0014] The fragments of cDNA sequences of the present invention may be oligonucleotides consisting of at least 10 bases in the base sequences in the Sequence Listing. It is obvious from the fact base sequences of about 10 bases are sufficient to ensure for primers or probes the specificity for a target nucleic acid.

[0015] The entire disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-78971 filed on Mar. 20, 2002 including specification, claims and summary is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

1 20 1 658 DNA Human calicivirus 1 ccaatgcaat tgaacaggtc atggacacac cagtggcatg gagctacagt gatgcttgca 60 tgtccctaga taagacaacc agttccggcc acccccatca taagaagaaa aatgatgact 120 ggaatggaaa ttcatttgtg agggaattgg gcgaccaggc ggcgcatgct aacagcatgt 180 acgaacttgg taagtccatg aaacctgtgt atacagcagc tctaaaggat gagctagtca 240 agccagataa ggtgtacaca aaaatcaaaa agagactgct ttggggcgcg gaccttggca 300 ccgtcattcg cgctgccaga gcatttgggc cgttctgtga ggccataaaa ccccatgtaa 360 tcaaattgcc tatcaaggtg ggtatgaatg ccatagagga tggtcctttg atttatgcag 420 agcactccaa atataagttt cattatgatg ctgactatac agcttgggac tcaacacaaa 480 acagggagat catgatggaa tccttcaaca ttatgtgtaa gctcacagcc aacccctcct 540 tggccgcagt ggtggcacag gatctactct ccccatctga aatggacgtt ggcgactatg 600 tgatcagtgt caaagatggt ctgccatctg gctttccatg cacttcacag gtgaatag 658 2 658 DNA Human calicivirus 2 ccaatgcaat tgaacaggtc atggacacac cagtggcatg gagctacagt gatgcttgca 60 tgtccctaga taagacaacc agttccggcc acccccatca taagaagaaa aatgatgact 120 ggaatggaaa ttcatttgtg agggaattgg gcgaccaggc ggcgcatgct aacagcatgt 180 acgaacttgg taagtccatg aaacctgtgt atacagcagc tctaaaggat gagctagtca 240 agccagataa ggtgtacaca aaaatcaaaa agagactgct ttggggcgcg gaccttggca 300 ccgtcattcg cgctgccaga gcatttgggc cgttctgtga ggccataaaa ccccatgtaa 360 tcaaattgcc tatcaaggtg ggtatgaatg ccatagagga tggtcctttg atttatgcag 420 agcactccaa atataagttt cattatgatg ctgactatac agcttgggac tcaacacaaa 480 acagggagat catgatggaa tccttcaaca ttatgtgtaa gctcacagcc aacccctcct 540 tggccgcagt ggtggcacag gatctactct ccccatctga aatggacgtt ggcgactatg 600 tgatcagtgt caaagatggt ctgccatctg gctttccatg cacttcacag gtgaatag 658 3 865 DNA Human calicivirus 3 gtattgaacc cgcataccta ggtggtaagg accctcgagt ccaaaatggt ccctccctcc 60 aacaggtgct ccgcgatcag ctgaaaccat tcgcagatcc tcgtgggcgc atgcctgagc 120 ctggcttact ggaggctgct gtagaaactg tgacatctat gttagaacag acaatggaca 180 ccccaagtcc gtggtcttat gctgatgcct gtcaatctct tgacaagacg actagttcag 240 gctatcccca ccataaaaga aagaatgatg attggaatgg cactaccttt gtcagagaac 300 tcggtgacca agcagcgcat gccaatagca tgtatgagaa tgccaaacac atgaagccca 360 tatacactgc agccctgaag gatgaattgg ttaagcctga gaaggtctac cagaaagtta 420 agaaacgcct gttgtggggc gccgatcttg ggacagtgat cagagctgcc agggcttttg 480 gcccattctg tgatgctata aagccacatg tcatcaaatt gccaataaaa gttggcatga 540 acacaataga ggatggccct ttaatttatg ctgaacatgc caagtacaaa aatcattttg 600 atgcagatta cacagcatgg gactctacac aaaatagaca aattatgaca gaatcctttt 660 ccatcatgtc acgcctcacg gcctctccag aactagctga ggttgtagcc caggacttac 720 tagcaccatc cgagatggat gtgggtgact atgttataag ggtcaaagaa ggcctaccat 780 caggatttcc ctgcacttct caagtgaata gcataaatca ctggataatc accctttgtg 840 cattgtctga ggctactggc tcatc 865 4 1113 DNA Human calicivirus 4 aatatccccg aaccactgcc ccctggggtc tatgaacccg cctacctcgg gggcccggga 60 ccctagggtg actggcggtc cctcactcca acaagtgttg cgggatcagt taaagccatt 120 tgctgagcca cgaggacgca tgccagagcc aggtctcttg gaggccgcag ttgagactgt 180 gacttcatca ttagagcagg ttatggacac tcccgttcct tggagctata gtgatgcgtg 240 ccagtccctt gataagacca ctagttctgg tttcccctac cacagaagga agaatgacga 300 ctggaatggc accacctttg ttagggagtt aggggagcag gcggcacacg ctaacaacat 360 gtatgagcag gctaagagta tgaaacccat gtacacggca gcacttaaag atgaactagt 420 caaaccagag aaggtatacc agaaagtgaa aaagcgcttg ttatgggggg cagacttggg 480 cacggtagtt cgggccgcac gggcttttgg cccattctgt gatgctataa aatcccacac 540 aatcaaattg cctatcaaag ttggaatgaa ttcaattgag gatgggccac tgatctatgc 600 agaacattca aaatataagt accactttga tgcagattac acagcttggg attcaactca 660 aaataggcaa atcatgacag agtcattttc aatcatgtgt cggctaactg catcacctga 720 actagcttca gtggtggctc aagacttgct cgcaccctca gagatggatg ttggcgacta 780 cgtcataaga gtgaaggaag gcctcccatc tggtttccca tgcacatcac aagttaatag 840 tataaaccat tggttaataa ctctgtgtgc cctttctgaa gtaactggtc tgtcgccaga 900 tgttatccag tccatgtcat atttctcttt ctatggtgat gatgaaatag tgtcaactga 960 catagaattt gatccagcaa aactgacaca agttctcaga gagtatggac ttaaacccac 1020 ccgccccgac aaaagcgagg gcccaataat tgtaagggaa gagtgtggat gggttggtct 1080 ttttacgtcg cactatctcc cgcgacgccg cgg 1113 5 620 DNA Human calicivirus 5 agttgtcgcg ggtgtccaca ccgcagcagc ccgggggggc aacactgtca tatgtgccac 60 tcaagggcaa gatggagagg cagtccttga gggtaatgag gacctcggca catactgcgg 120 tgctccaatc ctaggccctg gcaaggcgcc taaactcagc acgaagacca aattctggcg 180 ttcatcacca gatgccttgc cacctggcac atatgaacct gcttacctgg gaggcaagga 240 ccctagagtg gagaaaggac cctccctgca acaagttatg agagatcagc taaagccctt 300 cacagagcct aggggcaaac cacctagacc tgcagtctta gaagaagcta aaaagacagt 360 gatgaatgtc ctagaacaaa ccattgaccc tgctaagcca tggtcctact cgcaagcatg 420 tgcctcactg gacaaaacca cttctagtgg tagcccccac catgtcaaga aaaatgacca 480 ttggaatggg gagtccttca ctggccccct tgcagatcaa gcatctaaag ccaacctcat 540 gtatgaacag gccaagcatg tgcagcccgt gtacacggcc gcgctcaaag atgagcttgt 600 taagactgac aaaatttttt 620 6 620 DNA Human calicivirus 6 tgtggttatt ggagtccaca cggccgccgc tcgtggggga aacactgtca tatgtgccac 60 ccaggggagt gagggggagg ctacacttga aggtggtgac agtaagggaa catactgtgg 120 tgcaccaatc ctaggcccag gtagtgcccc aaaactcagc accaagacca aattctggag 180 atcgtccaca acaccactcc cacctggcac ctatgaacca gcctatctcg gtggtaagga 240 tcccagagtc aagggtggcc cttcattgca acaagtcatg agggatcagt tgaaaccatt 300 tacagagccc aggggcaaac caccaaagcc aagtgtgttg gaagctgcca agaaaaccat 360 catcaatgtc cttgaacaaa caatcgatcc acccgagaaa tggtcattca cgcaagcttg 420 cgcgtctctt gacaagacca cttccagtgg ccatccgcac cacatgcgga aaaacgactg 480 ctggaacggg gagtccttca caggcaagct ggcagaccag gcttccaagg ccaacctgat 540 gttcgaagag gggaagaaca tgaccccagt ctacacaggt gcgcttaagg atgagttagt 600 taagactgac aaaatttttt 620 7 616 DNA Human calicivirus 7 tgtggttatt ggagtcccac ggctgccgct cgtgggggga acactgtcat atgtgccacc 60 caggggagtg agggggaggc tacacttgaa ggtggtgaca gtaagggaac atactgtggt 120 gcaccaatcc taggcccagg gagtgcccca aaactcagca ccaagaccaa attctggaga 180 tcgtccacaa caccactccc acctggcacc tatgaaccag cctatcttgg tggtaaggac 240 cccagagtca agggtggccc ttcattgcaa caagttatga gggatcagtt gaaaccattt 300 acagagccca ggggcaaacc accaaagcca agtgtgttgg aagctgccaa gaaaaccatc 360 atcaatgtcc ttgaacaaac aatcgatcca cccgagaaat ggtcattcac gcaagcttgc 420 gcgtcccttg acaagaccac ttccagtggc catccacacc acatgcggaa aaacgactgc 480 tggaacgggg agtccttcac aggcaagctg gcagaccagg cttccaaggc caacctgatg 540 ttcgaagagg ggaagaacat gaccccagtc tacacaggtg cgcttaaggg atgagttagt 600 taagactgac aaaatt 616 8 628 DNA Human calicivirus 8 ggggatgact acgtggtcat tggggtccac acggctgctg cccgtggggg aaacactgtc 60 atatgtgcca cccagggaag tgaaggtgag gccactcttg agggcggcga tgacaaaggc 120 acttactgtg gtgccccaat cctaggtcca gggagtgctc caaagcttag caccaaaact 180 aagttttgga ggtcatccac aacaccactc ccacccggta cctatgaacc agcctacctc 240 ggtggcaagg accccaggat taaaggtggt ccctcactac aacaagtcat gagggaccag 300 ctgaagccat ttacagaacc tagaggtagg caaccaaaac caagtgtatt ggaggctgcc 360 aagaagacca tcattaatgt acttgaacaa acaatagacc cacctcaaaa gtggacattc 420 tcacaggctt gtgcctccct tgacaagacc acctctagtg gccacccaca ccacatgaga 480 aagaatgact gttggaatgg ggaatctttc acaggcaaat tggcagatca ggcctcaaag 540 gccaatttga tgtatgagga ggggaaaaat atgacaccag tttacacagg tgccctcaag 600 gatgagctgg tcaagacttg acaaaatt 628 9 452 DNA Human calicivirus 9 aaattttgga gatcatccac agcaccactc ccacctggta cctatgaacc agcctacctt 60 ggcggcaagg accccagagt caagggtggt ccttcattgc aacaagttat gagggaccag 120 ctgaaaccat tcactgagcc caggggcaaa ccaccaaaac caagtgtgtt agaggctgcc 180 aagaaaacca tcatcaatgt tcttgagcaa acaattgatc cacctcaaaa atggtcattc 240 gcgcaagcat gcgcatccct cgacaagacc acctctagtg gtcacccgca ccacatgcgg 300 aaaaacgact gctggaacgg ggagtccttc acaggcaaat tggcagacca ggcttccaag 360 gctaacctga tgtacgaaga gggaaagaac atgaccccag tttacacggg tgcgcttaag 420 gacgaagctg gtcaagactg acaaaatttt tt 452 10 621 DNA Human calicivirus 10 tgtggtcatt ggcgtgcaca ccgcagcagc acgtggagga aacacagtta tatgtgccac 60 gcaaggaagc gagggtgaag ccactcttga gggaggtgac gataagggca catattgtgg 120 agcccccatt ttgggacctg gtaatgcgcc aaagttgagc acaaaaacaa aattctggag 180 atcttccaac gcaccgctcc cgccaggcac ctatgaacca gcatacctag gtgggaaaga 240 tcaacgtgtg aagggcggtc cgtctctgca acaggtcatg agagaccaac ttaaaccttt 300 cacagagccc agaggaaaac caccaaaccc gagtgttcta gaatcagcaa agaagactat 360 tatcaatgtt ctagagcagg ttattgaccc cccccagaag tggtcctatg ctcaggcttg 420 tgcttccctt gacaaaacaa cctccagtgg acacccacac cacgttcgga agaatgatta 480 ctggagtggt gaatccttta caggaaaact tgcagaccag gcttcaaaag caaatctcat 540 gtatgaagaa ggcaaacaca tgccaccggt ttacaccgcc gcgctcaagg atgagctggt 600 gaagactgac aaaatttttt t 621 11 608 DNA Human calicivirus 11 gagtccacac ggctgccgct cgtgggggga acactgtcat atgtgccacc caggggagtg 60 agggggaggc tacacttgaa ggtggtgaca gtaagggaac atactgtggt gcaccaatcc 120 taggcccagg gagtgcccca aaactcagca ccaagaccaa attctggaga tcgtccacaa 180 caccactccc acctggcacc tatgaaccag cctatcttgg tggtaaggac cccagagtca 240 agggtggccc ttcattgcaa caagttatga gggatcagtt gaaaccattt acagagccca 300 ggggcaaacc accaaagcca agtgtgttgg aagctgccaa gaaaaccatc atcaatgtcc 360 ttgaacaaac aatcgatcca cccgagaaat ggtcattcac gcaagcttgc gcgtcccttg 420 acaagaccac ttccagtggc catccacacc acatgcggaa aaacgactgc tggaacgggg 480 agtccttcac aggcaagctg gcagaccagg cttccaaggc caacctgatg ttcgaagagg 540 ggaagaacat gaccccagtc tacacaggtg cgcttaagga tgagttagtt aagactgaca 600 aaattatt 608 12 603 DNA Human calicivirus misc_feature (465)..(465) n is selected from a, g, c, or t 12 gtccacacgg ctgccgctcg tgggggaaac actgtcatat gtgccaccca ggggagtgag 60 ggggaggcta cacttgaagg tggtgacagt aagggaacat actgtggtgc accaatccta 120 ggcccaggga gtgccccaaa actcagcacc aagaccaaat tctggagatc gtccacaaca 180 ccactcccac ctggcaccta tgaaccagcc tatcttggtg gtaaggaccc cagagtcaag 240 ggtggccctt cattgcaaca agttatgagg gatcagttga aaccatttac agagcccagg 300 ggcaaaccac caaagccaag tgtgttggaa gctgccaaga aaaccatcat caatgtcctt 360 gaacaaacaa tcgatccacc cgagaaatgg tcattcacgc aagcttgcgc gtcccttgac 420 aagaccactt ccagtggcca tccacaccac atgcggaaaa acgantgctg gaacggggag 480 tccttcacag gcaagctggc agaccaggct tccaaggcca acctgatgtt cgaagagggg 540 aagaacatga ccccagtcta cacaggtgcg cttaaggatg agttagttaa gactgacaaa 600 att 603 13 606 DNA Human calicivirus 13 gtccacacgg ctgccgctcg tggggggaac actgtcatat gtgccaccca ggggagtgag 60 ggggaggcta cacttgaagg tggtgacagt aagggaacat actgtggtgc accaatccta 120 ggcccaggga gtgccccaaa actcagcacc aagaccaaat tctggagatc gtccacaaca 180 ccactcccac ctggcaccta tgaaccagcc tatcttggtg gtaaggaccc cagagtcaag 240 ggtggccctt cattgcaaca agttatgagg gatcagttga aaccatttac agagcccagg 300 ggcaaaccac caaagccaag tgtgttggaa gctgccaaga aaaccatcat caatgtcctt 360 gaacaaacaa tcgatccacc cgagaaatgg tcattcacgc aagcttgcgc gtcccttgac 420 aagaccactt ccagtggcca tccacaccac atgcggaaaa acgactgctg gaacggggag 480 tccttcacag gcaagctggc agaccaggct tcaaggccaa cctgatgttc gaagagggga 540 agaacatgac cccagtctac acaggtgcgc ttaaggatga gttagttaag actgacaaaa 600 ttattg 606 14 583 DNA Human calicivirus 14 acactgtcat atgtgccacc caggggagtg agggggaggc tacacttgaa ggtggtgaca 60 gtaagggaac atactgtggt gcaccaatcc taggcccagg gagtgcccca aaactcagca 120 ccaagaccaa attctggaga tcgtccacaa caccactccc acctggcacc tatgaaccag 180 cctatcttgg tggtaaggac cccagagtca agggtggccc ttcattgcaa caagttatga 240 gggatcagtt gaaaccattt acagagccca ggggcaaacc accaaagcca agtgtgttgg 300 aagctgccaa gaaaaccatc atcaatgtcc ttgaacaaac aatcgatcca cccgagaaat 360 ggtcattcac gcaagcttgc gcgtcccttg acaagaccac ttccagtggc catccacacc 420 acatgcggaa aaacgactgc tggaacgggg agtccttcac aggcaagctg gcagaccagg 480 cttcaaggcc aacctgatgt tcgaagaggg gaagaacatg accccagtct acacaggtgc 540 gcttaaggat gagttagtta agactgacaa aattattgga aaa 583 15 20 DNA ARTIFICIAL SEQUENCE SYNTHETIC DNA 15 gaggcagccg ttgaaactgt 20 16 21 DNA ARTIFICIAL SEQUENCE SYNTHETIC DNA 16 tccttagacg ccatcatcat t 21 17 25 DNA ARTIFICIAL SEQUENCE SYNTHETIC DNA 17 ctctcaacta aaacaaaatt ctgga 25 18 25 DNA ARTIFICIAL SEQUENCE SYNTHETIC DNA 18 catcaccata gaatgagaaa tatga 25 19 21 DNA ARTIFICIAL SEQUENCE SYNTHETIC DNA 19 ctgcccctac atctacaaga g 21 20 22 DNA ARTIFICIAL SEQUENCE SYNTHETIC DNA 20 tttgccataa ttttgtcagt ct 22 

1. A CDNA sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS:L to 4 or a derivative thereof, which binds to a genogroup I small round-structured virus genome, or a fragment of a CDNA sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS:1 to 4 or a derivative thereof, which is large enough to bind to a genogroup I small round-structured virus genome.
 2. A cDNA sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS:5 to 14 or a derivative thereof, which binds to a genogroup II small round-structured virus genome, or a fragment of a cDNA sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS:5 to 14 or a derivative thereof, which is large enough to bind to a genogroup II small round-structured virus genome. 